Belgrade

Belgrade (Beograd) is the capital of Serbia having about 2 million inhabitants. Belgrade is situated in South-Eastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. It lies at the confluence of the Sava and Danube Rivers in north central Serbia, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkan Peninsula. Belgrade is the capital of Serbian culture, education, science and economy. As a result of its tumultuous history, many nations have been living in Belgrade for centuries, and Serbs of Orthodox Christian religion are the majority of the population (90%). The official language is Serbian, while foreigners usually use English in communication.

University of Belgrade - Rectorate

The University of Belgrade is a state university. Its main activities in the fields of higher education and scientific research are activities of public interest, and they are carried out in accordance with the legal regulations. The University of Belgrade celebrates September 13 as its day. This is the date when lessons started at the first Higher School, founded by Dositej Obradovic.

The University of Belgrade is the oldest university in Serbia and the largest in this part of Europe. Founded in 1808, it consists of 31 faculties, 11 research institutes, 13 University centers, Computer Center and the University Library with more than 3.500.000 volumes. It provides education in sciences and mathematics, technology and engineering sciences, medical sciences, social sciences and humanities, with 340 study programs, over 95.000 students and 5.000 academic and research staff. Comprehensive university, but not located at a single campus. For more information about the University of Belgrade please visit www.bg.ac.rs.

Arriving in Belgrade

Belgrade International Airport “Nikola Tesla” is located 18 km from the city center, and most of you have direct flights. There are a few travel options when traveling between Belgrade airport “Nikola Tesla” and the city center:

Shuttlebus A1 - Runs every 20 minutes. The terminus is at Slavija Square (Trg Slavija). The ticket can be purchased from the bus driver at the price of approximately 2,5 EUR (in dinars). 

Public transport bus 72 – Runs every 30 minutes. The terminus is at Zeleni venac. A ticket can be purchased at a newsstand or from the bus driver at the price of approximately 1,3 EUR (in dinars). You will find the bus stop just outside the departures terminal (ground level).

You may also take a TAXI to your destination. Please make sure to take a taxi voucher at the Taxi Info stand at the airport. One of the stands is exactly in front of the exit door of the International Arrivals hall (level -1). You will immediately get a receipt stating the price of the ride and you will pay at the end of the ride. Please be careful about independently taking among the many taxis waiting in front of the airport, as you might be overcharged, since the whole airport is under reconstruction, and there is a huge mess at the moment. 

Additional information is available at the official webpage of “Nikola Tesla” International Airport at: https://www.beg.aero/eng/parking_access/transport/taxi_service 

For Covid-19 measures in Serbia, please check at: https://www.mfa.gov.rs/en/citizens/travel-abroad/covid-19-travel-requirements 

Time Zone

Belgrade and Serbia are located in the Central European time zone region – GMT +1

Electricity

As in most cities of Continental Europe, the electricity voltage in Belgrade is 220V. Electrical outlets are standard European

Water

Tap water in Belgrade is safe to drink.

Currency

RSD – Serbian Dinar

1 EUR = +/-120 dinars

What to see in Belgrade in brief

The National Museum, “?“ Inn, Residences of Princess Ljubica and Prince Miloš, Nikola Tesla Museum, House of Flowers, Cathedral, St Sava’s Church, St Mark’s Church, Church of the Holy Virgin Mary – Ružica, Church of Christ the King, Synagogue and Bayrakli Mosque, Ada Ciganlija, Zemun and Gardos, Kalemegdan. 

But you may want to check this website for more detailed information and suggestions: https://tob.rs/en 

Tourist Info Center: Knez Mihailova  56 (city center)

Monday-Sunday 9am-8 pm

Phone: +381 11/2622-798 and 2635-343

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Accommodation in the vicinity of the Rectorate

Belgrade Art Hotel (4*) https://www.radissonhotels.com/en-us/hotels/radisson-individuals-belgrade-arthotel  300m, 3 min to the Rectorate 

Envoy Hotel (3*) https://www.envoy-hotel.com/ 100m, 1 min to the Rectorate 

Hotel Royal Inn (4*)  https://royalinn.rs/ 400m, 5 min to the Rectorate 

Hotel Le Petit Piaf (3*) https://petitpiaf.com/ 700 m, 10 min to the Rectorate 

Hotel Moskva (4*) https://hotelmoskva.rs/ 700 m, 10 min to the Rectorate 

 Authors:

Kalliopi Kanavou¹, Biljana Kosanović², Katerina Lenaki³, Elli Papadopoulou¹, Ilias Papastamatiou⁴, Electra Sifacaki¹, Milica Ševkušić^2,5, Eleni Toli¹

1 Athena Research & Innovation Centre,  Athens, Greece
2 University of Belgrade Computer Centre, Belgrade, Serbia
3 Ministry of Education, Athens, Greece
4 National Infrastructures for Research and Technology – GRNET S.A., Athens, Greece
5 Institute of Technical Sciences of SASA, Belgrade, Serbia

Table of contents

1. Landscaping: Challenges in the region
2. Methodology: Establishing NOSCIs
3. Impact

The project National Initiatives for Open Science in Europe – NI4OS Europe supports the integration of national Open Science Cloud initiatives in 15 countries in Southeast Europe into the EOSC governance. By doing this, it also builds infrastructure and creates a favourable environment for open and intensive scholarly communication. 

The main instrument in achieving this is the network of national Open Science Cloud Initiatives (NOSCIs) established in the partner countries as national-level coalitions of Open Science (OS) stakeholders that have a prominent role and interest in the European Open Science Cloud. The concept of NOSCI has been developed in response to the specific traits and challenges in the targeted region, based on complex and multilayered analyses of stakeholders, policies and local contexts.

1. Landscaping: Challenges in the region 

The challenges are largely determined by the diversity within the region, most notably:

• NI4OS-Europe partners include both EU members and non-EU countries;
• non-EU countries are less integrated in European OS networks;
• the structure of OS stakeholders across countries varies;
• the region is marked by a significant linguistic diversity, and
• different research governance systems,
• different policy traditions, and
• varying levels of available funding.

NI4OS-Europe partner countries in Open Science networks and initiatives

NI4OS-Europe partner countries include both EU members (Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Greece, Hungary, Romania, Slovenia) and Associated Countries (Albania, Armenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia), which are not equally integrated in European Open Science initiatives. The diagram shows the representation of the NI4OS-Europe partner countries in major Open Science and EOSC-related initiatives, research infrastructures and consortia. Colour coding is used to indicate various initiatives/infrastructures/consortia.

Hover your mouse over a segment to see the percentage of the partner countries represented in a specific initiative/infrastructure/consortium. Move from the centre to the periphery of the diagram to see the percentage of countries represented in multiple initiatives/infrastructures/consortia. For example, if you hover over the third layer from the centre (red) in the right half of the diagram, you will see the percentage of the NI4OS-Europe partner countries that are not EU members but are members of OpenAIRE and GEANT, or if you hover over the small green segment in the left half of the diagram, you will see the percentage of the NI4OS-Europe partner countries that are EU members and the the same time members of OpenAIRE, GEANT, CESSDA, DARIAH and have an RDA Node.

Open Science stakeholders in the NI4OS-Europe partner countries

The diagram shows the number and structure of Open Science stakeholders in the 15 NI4OS-Europe partner countries based on the dataset collected between early July and late October 2019, as part of the NI4OS-Europe landscape study. The stakeholders are classified into five groups based on their role in the research ecosystem:

• FUND (research funders and policymakers),
• CREATE (universities, research institutes, etc.), SUPPORT (libraries, repositories, research infrastructures, etc.),
• CONSUME (organizations using research results in their work, e.g. SMEs) and
• FACILITATE (individuals and organizations involved in promoting the principles off open science).

What do stakeholders expect from EOSC?

Despite local differences, the stakeholders' expectations from EOSC are similar and are closely related to scholarly communication.

The word cloud shows the most frequent concepts mentioned in response to the question “What do you expect from EOSC?” in the NI4OS-Europe landscaping survey conducted in the autumn of 2019.

Resources

• • Dataset: Kosanović, Biljana, Ševkušić, Milica, & Otašević, Vladimir. (2020). Open Science stakeholders in Albania, Armenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia [Data set]. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3722930
  • Read more: Deliveravle 2.1: Biljana Kosanović, & Milica Ševkušić. (2019). Stakeholder map, inventory, policy matrix. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3736129
  • Stakeholder map: https://ni4os.eu/os-stakeholders-map/
  • Survey results: https://ni4os.eu/survey-results/

2. Methodology: Establishing NOSCIs

The framework for NOSCI development, the so-called blueprint, was designed in full recognition of the mentioned diversities.

It relies on an agile and modular methodology to cater for the varying needs and OS levels of the region:

• Work on OSC theoretical background & policies
• Develop a NOSCI blueprint 
  1. Indicators
  2. Workflows for setting up National OSC Initiative
  3. Operational aspects
• Provide methodological and operational support
  1. Structured process through the 5-steps-methodology
  2. Checklists for setting up and monitoring 

Establishing NOSCIs through five steps

1. Invite Stakeholders, build the core group
2. Communicate efforts to government officials, establish collaboration for the elaboration of national OS policies
3. Discuss operational aspects, draft MoU, establish governance structure
4. Align with EOSC, seek for the “mandated organisation” status
5. Spread the know-how, share knowledge within and outside the consortium

Examples of workflows for setting up NOSCIs

NOSCIs in the region: state-of-the-art in July 2022

See full screen

Explore the interactive map to find out more about NOSCI establishment in the NI4OS-Europe partner countries. Different shapes indicate the stage of NOSCI establishment:

• square marker: NOSCI establishment in progress
• drop marker: NOSCI established

Different marker colours indicate NOSCI set-up workflows:

• red: top-down
• blue: hybrid
• green: bottom-up

 Resources

• • Eleni Toli, Elli Papadopoulou, Christos Liatas, Electra Sifakaki, Ilias Papastamatiou, & Ognjen Prnjat. (2020). NI4OS-Europe National OSC initiatives models. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4061801
  • Eleni Toli, Elli Papadopoulou, Christos Liatas, Electra Sifakaki, Ilias Papastamatiou, & Kostas Koumantaros. (2021). NI4OS-Europe Workflows for setting up National Open Science Cloud initiatives Checklist. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4662573
  • Eleni Toli, Elli Papadopoulou, Christos Liatas, Electra Sifakaki, Ilias Papastamatiou, & Kostas Koumantaros. (2021). NI4OS-Europe Indicators for the NOSCI's establishment checklist. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4646837
  • Milan Kuželka, Eleni Toli, Ilias Papastimatiou, & Branko Marović. (2022). NI4OS-Europe Business models recommendations. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6120682

3. Impact

 NI4OS-Europe understands NOSCIs as inclusive national structures that provide all-round support to scholarly communities in the country, facilitate the FAIR sharing of knowledge & resources, co-shape the capacity building process and impact the national research ecosystems.

NOSCIs support scholarly communication in four main areas:

• training and capacity building:
• collaboration and awareness rising;
• provision of services, and
• tools for Open Research Dara Management and support.

The relevance of the presented analysis lies in the fact that the approach adopted by the NI4OS-Europe team could be applied in other highly diversified environments. This is confirmed by the NI4OS-Europe use cases, which demonstrate that the mechanism underlying the concept of NOSCI, based on an open and flexible interaction between challenges, as the input, and responses, as the output, could be adapted to and implemented in different local contexts.

Resources

• • NI4OS-Europe Training Platform
  • NI4OS-Europe Service Catalogue
  • LCT - Licence Clearance Tool
  • RoLECT - EOSC RoP Legal & Ethics Compliance
  • RePOL - Repository Policy Generator

Otvoreni pristup, odnosno diseminiranje naučnih informacija besplatno, na internetu, donosi korist istraživačima, njihovim institucijama i donatorima, kao i široj javnosti. To se ne ostvaruje bez troškova, ali suštinski je važno da troškovi ne budu na teret čitalaca.

Zašto je otvoreni pristup neophodan?

Procenjuje se da ima oko 30.000 recenziranih časopisa, koji godišnje objave oko tri miliona članaka. Univerzitetske biblioteke pretplaćuju se na onoliko časopisa koliko to njihove mogućnosti dopuštaju, ali čak i najbogatije biblioteke moge da plate pristup samo jednom delu ukupne mase časopisa.

Internet omogućava istraživačima da rezultate svojih istraživanja učine dostupnim svima, bilo gde, u bilo kom trenutku. Kako su u časopisima koji počivaju na sistemu pretplate za čitanje izdavači najčešće i vlasnici prava nad člancima u časopisima koje objavljuju (zato autori ta prava prenose na izdavače), oni strogo kontrolišu šta se sa tim člancima može raditi. Svako ko želi da čita članke mora da plati kako bi im pristupio. Svako ko želi da koristi članke (npr. da ih ponovo objavi, prevede, ili objavi neku ilustraciju iz članka) mora za to da dobije odobrenje od izdavača. 

Iako mnogi istraživači mogu da pristupe časopisima koji su im potrebni preko biblioteke institucije u kojoj rade, pa smatraju da je pristup besplatan, to nije tako. Institucija često učestvuje u dugotrajnim pregovorima o ceni licence za pristup, a korišćenje sadržaja je ograničeno. Tradicionalni model akademskog izdavaštva je zastareo i pripada eri štampe. Internet nudi priliku da se primene bolja rešenja kako bi se naučna komunikacija prilagodila eri interneta.

Šta je otvoreni pristup?

Otvoreni pristup znači učiniti naučnu literaturu dostupnom na internetu. Budimpeštanska inicijativa za otvoreni pristup definiše otvoreni pristup na sledeći način:

„Pod otvorenim pristupom literaturi podrazumevamo njenu slobodnu dostupnost na javnom internetu, tako da korisnici mogu da čitaju, preuzimaju, kopiraju, distribuiraju, štampaju, pretražuju ili uspostavljaju linkove ka punom tekstu ovih članaka, pretražuju ih uz pomoć internet robota za potrebe indeksiranja, unose ih u formi podataka u softver, ili ih koriste u bilo koje druge zakonite svrhe, bez finansijskih, pravnih ili tehničkih barijera, osim onih koje su neraskidivo povezane sa pristupom internetu."

Postoje dva glavna načina ostvarivanja otvorenog pristupa istraživanjima:

• Istraživač može da deponuje kopiju svakog članka u repozitorijum otvorenog pristupa (samoarhiviranje);
• Istraživač može da objavljuje članke u časopisima koji su u otvorenom pristupu.

Koje su prednosti otvorenog pristupa?

Otvoreni pristup povećava brzinu, efikasnost i delotvornost istraživanja zato što istraživači više ne moraju da troše vreme na traženje radova na koje njihova biblioteka nije pretplaćena ili istraživanja za koja nisu znali zato što nemaju pristup pravim časopisima.

Otvoreni pristup povećava i vidljivost, iskorišćenost i uticaj istraživanja i omogućava I akterima izvan sfere nauke da koriste rezultate istraživanja.

Kakva infrastruktura je potrebna da bi se ostvario otvoreni pristup?

Otvoreni pristup se može obezbediti posredstvom otvorenih repozitorjuma ili putem časopisa u otvorenom pristupu. Većina naučnoistraživačkih institucija ima repozitorijum, a postoji i veliki broj tematskih repozitorijuma, kao što je Europe PubMed Central. Ovi repozitorijumi počivaju na istim osnovnim tehničkim standardima, formirajući interoperabilnu mrežu besplatno dostupnih naučnih informacija. Internet pretraživači ih indeksiraju tako da se prostim pretraživanjem interneta pronalaze članci relevantni za čitaoce.

OpenDOAR je registar repozitorijuma iz celog sveta.

Krovna organizacija, COAR (Confederation of Open Repositories), koordinira i podržava repozitorijume širom sveta.

Mnogi časopisi u otvorenom pristupu imaju međunarodni karakter. U registru časopisa u otvorenom pristupu Directory of Open Access Journals može se naći preko 15000 časopisa iz celog sveta. Većina ne naplaćuje troškove objavljivanja.

Šta znači zeleno, a šta zlatno?

„Zeleni“ otvoreni pristup podrazumeva samoarhiviranje. Istraživač odlučuje da rezultate svojih istraživanja deponuje u izabrani repozitorijum koji je u otvorenom pristupu, što znači da svako ima pristup i da se materijali koji se u njemu nalaze slobodno mogu pogledati i preuzeti. Da biste pristupili sadržaju ovih arhiva, možete koristiti Gugl, Gugl akademik ili druge pretraživače. Ovi pretraživači sistematski prikupljaju sadržaj arhiva širom sveta, formirajući bazu podataka rezultata tekućih istraživanja na globalnom nivou. Ima mnogo varijanti samoarhiviranja i one zavise od tipa licence pod kojom autori objavljuju svoje radove i prava na članke koja zadržavaju izdavači. Autorima je obično dozvoljeno da arhiviraju finalnu verziju članka pre objavljivanja u izabranm časopisu.

„Zlatni“ otvoreni pristup znači da autor objavljuje rad u publikaciji koja je dostupna u režimu otvorenog pristupa. Čitaoci ne plaćaju pristup publikaciji, nego troškove (poznate kao troškovi obrade članka) snosi autor, ili se isti uopšte ne naplaćuju zato što se pokrivaju uz pomoć sponzorstva, subvencija ili reklama. Članci se recenziraju na isti način kao u tradicionalnom izdavaštvu, osim što su objavljeni radovi besplatno dostupni javnosti, bez potrebe za pretplatom.

U upotrebi je i termin, „hibridni otvoreni pristup“, koji se odnosi na posebnu podvrstu zlatnog otvorenog pristupa. Ovim terminom obuhvaćeni su radovi koji se objavljuju u časopisima za koje se plaća pretplata, a nalaze se u režimu otvorenog pristupa zato što su za njih plaćeni troškovi publikovanja.

Izvod iz dokumenta: Meg Hunt and Alma Swan, Briefing paper: Open Access, 2015, http://www.pasteur4oa.eu/resources/135#.YTFLNM_RaUl

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